An Introduction to 3D Scanning

3D scanning is the process of analysing real-world objects or environment to collect three dimensional data of its form and colour. The collected data can then be used to construct digital 3D models. It is a non-destructive, non-contact technology. 

3D scanners can either be handheld or use a fixed (usually on a tripod). 

There are many different types of 3D scanners, which each have different applications. See below for more information on the different scanners available at uCreate and their uses. 

There are many different types of 3D scanning, each with their own pros and cons. However, for (almost) all 3D scanning techniques, the underlying process remains the same:

• A point is captured of the object that is being scanned. This is done multiple times over until you have a point cloud. A point cloud is made up of thousands (sometimes millions) of points, each with an x, y and z coordinate, matching a point on the surface of the object that is being scanned. 
• A surface is then wrapped around the point cloud, to create a polygon model. This is called meshing and turns the scan from data on the screen to something that could be 3D printed. 
• If the scanner can capture colour detail, this colour information is projected on to the polygon model as a texture, adding an extra layer of visual detail.

Different types of 3D scanners use different approaches to capture the point cloud. With variations in speed, level of accuracy, point cloud resolution and size of the object which can be scanned.

For more information on how a specific scanner works, see the scanners individual knowledge base page. 

3D scanning is used across a wide range of industries, such as entertainment, medicine, architecture, engineering, history, design, and forensics. Some examples are:

• Producing CAD models for 3D printing. For example, recreating household items for repairs. 
• Scanning buildings and environments for architecture.
• Digitally conserving heritage objects, artifacts, archeological sites or artwork. 
• Reverse engineering (analysing an existing object). 
• Capturing details of complex geometries and irregular contours, which are impractical to measure, model or estimate with traditional methods.
• Scanning people. 
• Creating models for digital display. 
• Artwork.

There are many different types of 3D scanners, which each have different applications. See below for more information on the different scanners available at uCreate and their uses. 

At uCreate, we have a variety of 3D scanner technologies, which are all used for different applications. If after looking at this guide and the 3D scanning knowledge base, you are still unsure which scanner would be best for your application, email ucreate.makerspace@ed.ac.uk or visit the makerspace and speak to a member of staff.